Uncovering Hidden Biodiversity: Grassland Fungi Surveys

Brindle & Green’s ecology team recently undertook a detailed fungal survey to better understand and protect one of the UK’s most overlooked ecological assets – waxcap grasslands.

Led by Daisy Fretwell, our ecologists completed a systematic grid search of the site, assessing habitat suitability and identifying the fungi present. The findings will feed into a comprehensive report, including mitigation measures to ensure these species – and the habitats they represent -receive the protection they need.

Why Grassland Fungi Matter

Waxcaps and other grassland fungi aren’t just colourful curiosities. They’re powerful indicators of unimproved, species-rich grassland – some of the most threatened habitats in the UK and across Europe.

These habitats include:

Lowland Meadows
Upland Hay Meadows

Particularly those within NVC MG5 grassland communities.

Over 250 grassland fungal species are now listed on European Red Data Lists, reflecting their vulnerability. Where these fungi thrive, high-quality, long-established grasslands typically follow – which is exactly what makes this survey so exciting.

An Ecological Mystery Still Being Uncovered

Despite their importance, waxcaps remain scientifically enigmatic. Current research suggests they form mycorrhizal relationships with grassland mosses, especially:

Brachythecium rutabulum
Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus

On-site, we recorded Goblet Waxcap (a distinctive small red species) growing alongside both mosses — a compelling example of this association in action.

Rare and Protected Species Found

The survey revealed several species recognised as priorities for conservation:

Entoloma bloxamii – listed under the NERC Act 2006 / Species of Principal Importance (UKBAP)
Previous eDNA surveys detected Earthtongues (Geoglossum sp.) – also UKBAP listed

Our second survey in November aims to confirm their presence in-field. A strong reminder that ecological assessment goes far beyond bats and great crested newts – fungi play key roles in ecosystem integrity too.

We used the industry-standard CHEGD scoring system (Clavariaceae, Hygrocybe, Entoloma, Geoglossaceae, Dermoloma) to evaluate the site’s fungal community. A single survey often captures just 25% of the total community present – meaning this is likely just the beginning.

Grassland fungi may not be the first species that come to mind when we think about conservation. Yet these often tiny, jewel-like organisms are signs of ancient landscapes worth fighting for.